MIT-Curricular/ES/Project/report.md

Calculator Program for Multi-Base Arithmetic

How to Use the Calculator

Initial Setup

• On power-up, the calculator starts in DECIMAL mode
• LCD shows: Mode: DEC on line 1, Inp: 0 on line 2
• 7-segment displays the last digit of your input

Basic Operations

1. Entering Numbers

   • Press keys 0-9 for decimal digits
   • In HEX mode, you can also use A-F (keys 10-15)
   • In OCT mode, only 0-7 are valid
   • In BIN mode, only 0-1 are valid
   • Invalid digits for the current mode are ignored

2. Changing Base Mode

   • Press Key A (10) to cycle through bases
   • Order: BIN → OCT → DEC → HEX → BIN...
   • Current mode displays on LCD top line

3. Performing Calculations

   • Enter first number
   • Press operation key:
     • Key B (11): Addition
     • Key D (13): Subtraction
     • Key E (14): Multiplication
   • Enter second number
   • Press Key F (15) for equals/result

4. Clearing

   • Press Key C (12) to clear all (input, stored number, operation)

Example Usage

Example 1: Add 5 + 3 in Decimal

Press: 5 → B → 3 → F
Display: Res: 8

Example 2: Multiply 1010 × 11 in Binary

Press: A (change to BIN mode)
Press: 1 → 0 → 1 → 0 → E → 1 → 1 → F
Display: Res: 11110 (30 in decimal)

Example 3: Subtract F - A in Hexadecimal

Press: A (cycle to HEX mode if not already)
Press: F → D → A (10) → F
Display: Res: 5

Tips

• The 7-segment always shows the last hex digit of your current input
• Results stay in the current base mode
• If result exceeds display capacity, only visible portion shows
• After equals, the result becomes the new input for next operation