MIT-Curricular/IS/Lab/Lab6/elgamal_schnorr.py
2025-09-09 04:16:24 +05:30

104 lines
3.1 KiB
Python

import os
import random
from typing import Tuple
from Crypto.Hash import SHA256
from Crypto.Util.number import getPrime
def elgamal_keygen(bits: int = 512) -> Tuple[Tuple[int, int, int], int]:
p = getPrime(bits)
g = random.randrange(2, p - 1)
x = random.randrange(1, p - 1)
h = pow(g, x, p)
return (p, g, h), x
def elgamal_encrypt(message: bytes, pub_key: Tuple[int, int, int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
p, g, h = pub_key
m = int.from_bytes(message, "big")
if m >= p:
raise ValueError("Message too large for key size")
k = random.randrange(1, p - 1)
c1 = pow(g, k, p)
s = pow(h, k, p)
c2 = (m * s) % p
return c1, c2
def elgamal_decrypt(ciphertext: Tuple[int, int], priv_key: int, pub_key: Tuple[int, int, int]) -> bytes:
c1, c2 = ciphertext
p, _, _ = pub_key
s = pow(c1, priv_key, p)
s_inv = pow(s, p - 2, p)
m = (c2 * s_inv) % p
if m == 0:
return b""
m_len = (m.bit_length() + 7) // 8
return m.to_bytes(m_len, "big")
def schnorr_keygen(bits: int = 512) -> Tuple[Tuple[int, int, int], int]:
# Use same style group as ElGamal demo for simplicity
p = getPrime(bits)
g = random.randrange(2, p - 1)
x = random.randrange(1, p - 1)
y = pow(g, x, p)
return (p, g, y), x
def schnorr_sign(message: bytes, priv_key: int, params: Tuple[int, int, int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
p, g, _ = params
k = random.randrange(1, p - 1)
r = pow(g, k, p)
h = SHA256.new()
h.update(r.to_bytes((r.bit_length() + 7) // 8 or 1, "big") + message)
e = int.from_bytes(h.digest(), "big") % (p - 1)
s = (k + e * priv_key) % (p - 1)
return e, s
def schnorr_verify(message: bytes, signature: Tuple[int, int], params: Tuple[int, int, int]) -> bool:
p, g, y = params
e, s = signature
# Compute r' = g^s * y^{-e} mod p
y_inv_e = pow(y, (p - 1 - e) % (p - 1), p)
r_prime = (pow(g, s, p) * y_inv_e) % p
h = SHA256.new()
h.update(r_prime.to_bytes((r_prime.bit_length() + 7) // 8 or 1, "big") + message)
e_prime = int.from_bytes(h.digest(), "big") % (p - 1)
return e_prime == e
def demo() -> None:
print("Lab6: ElGamal (encrypt/decrypt) and Schnorr (sign/verify) demo")
default_msg = os.environ.get("LAB6_MESSAGE", "Test message for Lab6")
try:
user_msg = input(f"Enter plaintext [{default_msg}]: ").strip()
except EOFError:
user_msg = ""
message = (user_msg or default_msg).encode()
# ElGamal
pub_e, priv_e = elgamal_keygen(512)
c1, c2 = elgamal_encrypt(message, pub_e)
recovered = elgamal_decrypt((c1, c2), priv_e, pub_e)
print("\nElGamal:")
print(f"- Public: p({pub_e[0].bit_length()} bits), g, h")
print(f"- Ciphertext c1={hex(c1)[:18]}..., c2={hex(c2)[:18]}...")
print(f"- Decrypt OK: {recovered == message}")
# Schnorr
pub_s, priv_s = schnorr_keygen(512)
sig = schnorr_sign(message, priv_s, pub_s)
ok = schnorr_verify(message, sig, pub_s)
print("\nSchnorr:")
print(f"- Public: p({pub_s[0].bit_length()} bits), g, y")
print(f"- Signature e={sig[0]}, s={sig[1]}")
print(f"- Verify OK: {ok}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
demo()