diff --git a/IS/Lab/Lab1/q2_autokey.py b/IS/Lab/Lab1/q2_autokey.py
index 0ae235a..8771e65 100644
--- a/IS/Lab/Lab1/q2_autokey.py
+++ b/IS/Lab/Lab1/q2_autokey.py
@@ -25,27 +25,34 @@ def vigenere_de(ctext, vk):
             result.append(ch)
     return ''.join(result)
 
+
 def autokey_en(ptext, ak):
-    k = ord(ak.upper()) if isinstance(ak, str) else ak
-    out = []
-    for ch in ptext.upper():
+    result = []
+    ptext = ptext.upper()
+    current_key = ak
+    for ch in ptext:
         if ch.isalpha():
-            out_ch = chr((ord(ch) - 65 + (k - 65)) % 26 + 65)
-            out.append(out_ch); k = ord(ch)
+            shift = (current_key - ord('A')) % 26
+            cipher_char = chr((ord(ch) - ord('A') + shift) % 26 + ord('A'))
+            result.append(cipher_char)
+            current_key = ord(cipher_char)
         else:
-            out.append(ch)
-    return ''.join(out)
+            result.append(ch)
+    return ''.join(result)
 
 def autokey_de(ctext, ak):
-    k = ord(ak.upper()) if isinstance(ak, str) else ak
-    out = []
-    for ch in ctext.upper():
+    result = []
+    ctext = ctext.upper()
+    current_key = ak
+    for ch in ctext:
         if ch.isalpha():
-            p = chr((ord(ch) - 65 - (k - 65)) % 26 + 65)
-            out.append(p); k = ord(p)
+            shift = (current_key - ord('A')) % 26
+            plain_char = chr((ord(ch) - ord('A') - shift) % 26 + ord('A'))
+            result.append(plain_char)
+            current_key = ord(plain_char)
         else:
-            out.append(ch)
-    return ''.join(out)
+            result.append(ch)
+    return ''.join(result)
 
 def operator(argument,ptext,ak,vk):
     match argument:
diff --git a/IS/Lab/Lab3/DiffieHellman.py b/IS/Lab/Lab3/DiffieHellman.py
index e1eb076..dcac7e0 100644
--- a/IS/Lab/Lab3/DiffieHellman.py
+++ b/IS/Lab/Lab3/DiffieHellman.py
@@ -38,6 +38,12 @@ def int_to_fixed_length_bytes(value: int, length_bits: int) -> bytes:
 
 
 def generate_keypair(p: int, g: int, private_bits: int = 256) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    """
+    Generate a Diffie-Hellman private/public key pair.
+
+    - private_bits controls the size of the secret exponent for performance and security.
+      256 bits is a common choice for Group 14.
+    """
     a = 0
     while a < 2:
         a = number.getRandomNBitInteger(private_bits)
@@ -46,6 +52,10 @@ def generate_keypair(p: int, g: int, private_bits: int = 256) -> tuple[int, int]
 
 
 def derive_shared_key(peer_public: int, private: int, p: int, key_len: int = 32) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Compute the shared secret and derive a symmetric key using HKDF-SHA256.
+    Returns key_len bytes (default 32 bytes = 256-bit key).
+    """
     shared_secret = pow(peer_public, private, p)
     # Use fixed-length big-endian encoding of the shared secret for KDF input
     shared_bytes = int_to_fixed_length_bytes(shared_secret, p.bit_length())
@@ -53,6 +63,7 @@ def derive_shared_key(peer_public: int, private: int, p: int, key_len: int = 32)
     return key
 
 
+@dataclass
 class TimingResult:
     alice_keygen_s: float
     bob_keygen_s: float