added gitignore

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+### MacOS System Files ###
+.DS_Store
+.DS_Store?
+._*
+.Spotlight-V100
+.Trashes
+ehthumbs.db
+Thumbs.db
+.AppleDouble
+.LSOverride
+Icon
+.DocumentRevisions-V100
+.fseventsd
+.TemporaryItems
+.VolumeIcon.icns
+
+### Obsidian ###
+.obsidian/
+
+### IDEs and Editors ###
+.idea/
+.vscode/
+*.swp
+*.swo
+*~
+
+### Node ###
+node_modules/
+npm-debug.log*
+yarn-debug.log*
+yarn-error.log*
+
+### Python ###
+__pycache__/
+*.py[cod]
+*$py.class
+*.so
+.Python
+env/
+build/
+develop-eggs/
+dist/
+downloads/
+eggs/
+.eggs/
+lib/
+lib64/
+parts/
+sdist/
+var/
+wheels/
+*.egg-info/
+.installed.cfg
+*.egg
+
+### Java ###
+*.class
+*.log
+*.jar
+*.war
+*.nar
+*.ear
+*.zip
+*.tar.gz
+*.rar

DBMS/SQL/Week7/writeup.md

@@ -1 +1,176 @@
 ## Week 7 - DBMS Lab - PL SQL & Triggers
+
+### Q1. Generate a trigger displaying driver information, on participating in an accident.
+
+Trigger:
+```sql
+CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trg_display_driver_info
+AFTER INSERT ON participated
+FOR EACH ROW
+DECLARE
+    v_driver_name VARCHAR2(100);
+    v_driver_address VARCHAR2(255);
+BEGIN
+    SELECT NAME, ADDRESS
+    INTO v_driver_name, v_driver_address
+    FROM person
+    WHERE DRIVER_ID# = :NEW.DRIVER_ID#;
+
+    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Driver ID: ' || :NEW.DRIVER_ID#);
+    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Driver Name: ' || v_driver_name);
+    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Driver Address: ' || v_driver_address);
+    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Car Registration Number: ' || :NEW.REGNO);
+    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Report Number: ' || :NEW.REPORT_NUMBER);
+    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Damage Amount: ' || :NEW.DAMAGE_AMOUNT);
+END;
+/
+```
+
+Demo:
+```sql
+SQL> INSERT INTO participated (DRIVER_ID#, REGNO, REPORT_NUMBER, DAMAGE_AMOUNT)
+  2  VALUES (1235, 'EFGH2001', 3, 5000);
+Driver ID: 1235
+Driver Name: Rohit
+Driver Address: Banglalore India
+Car Registration Number: EFGH2001
+Report Number: 3
+Damage Amount: 5000
+Driver_id: 1235 Name: Rohit Address: Banglalore India
+
+1 row created.
+```
+
+### Q2. Create a trigger that updates a `total_damage` column in the `accident` table whenever a new entry is added to or removed from the participated field.`
+Trigger:
+```SQL
+SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER update_total_damage
+  2  AFTER
+  3    INSERT OR DELETE ON PARTICIPATED
+  4  BEGIN
+  5    UPDATE ACCIDENT
+  6    SET
+  7      total_damage = (
+  8        SELECT
+  9          SUM(damage_amount)
+ 10        FROM PARTICIPATED p
+ 11        WHERE
+ 12          p.report_number = ACCIDENT.report_number
+ 13      );
+ 14  END;
+ 15  /
+
+Trigger created.
+```
+Adding an identifier `total_damage`:
+```sql
+SQL> ALTER TABLE ACCIDENT ADD total_damage NUMBER;
+```
+Test case with Insertion:
+```sql
+SQL> INSERT INTO
+        PARTICIPATED (driver_id#, regno, report_number, damage_amount)
+      VALUES
+        ('1235', 'EFGH2001', 1, 5000);
+Driver_id: 1235 Name: Rohit Address: Banglalore India
+
+1 row created.
+
+SQL> SELECT
+        report_number,
+        total_damage
+      FROM ACCIDENT
+      WHERE
+        report_number = 1;
+
+REPORT_NUMBER TOTAL_DAMAGE
+------------- ------------
+            1        15000
+```
+Test case with Deletion:
+```sql
+SQL> DELETE FROM PARTICIPATED
+      WHERE
+        driver_id# = '1235'
+        AND regno = 'EFGH2001'
+        AND report_number = 1;
+
+1 row deleted.
+
+SQL> SELECT
+        report_number,
+        total_damage
+      FROM ACCIDENT
+      WHERE
+        report_number = 1;
+
+REPORT_NUMBER TOTAL_DAMAGE
+------------- ------------
+            1        10000
+```
+
+
+### Q3. List cars involved in accidents with cumulative damage exceeding a specific amount.
+
+Checking for damage amount > 10000, we have
+```SQL
+SQL> SELECT
+          p.driver_id#,
+          o.regno,
+          SUM(pa.damage_amount) AS total_damage
+      FROM
+          PARTICIPATED pa
+      JOIN
+          OWNS o ON pa.driver_id# = o.driver_id#
+      JOIN
+          PERSON p ON o.driver_id# = p.driver_id#
+      GROUP BY
+          p.driver_id#, o.regno
+      HAVING
+          SUM(pa.damage_amount) > 10000;
+
+DRIVER_ID#                     REGNO                TOTAL_DAMAGE
+------------------------------ -------------------- ------------
+1238                           HFSP5601                    26500
+```
+
+### Q4. Identify cars that have been involved in more than one accident and calculate the total damage for each car.
+
+```SQL
+SQL> SELECT 
+    o.regno, 
+    COUNT(DISTINCT pa.report_number) AS accident_count, 
+    SUM(pa.damage_amount) AS total_damage
+FROM 
+    PARTICIPATED pa
+JOIN 
+    OWNS o ON pa.driver_id# = o.driver_id#
+GROUP BY 
+    o.regno
+HAVING 
+    COUNT(DISTINCT pa.report_number) > 1;
+
+REGNO                ACCIDENT_COUNT TOTAL_DAMAGE
+-------------------- -------------- ------------
+HFSP5601                          2        26500
+```
+
+### Q5. Calculate the average damage amount for accidents at each location.
+```sql
+SQL> SELECT
+          a.location,
+          AVG(pa.damage_amount) AS average_damage
+      FROM
+          ACCIDENT a
+      JOIN
+          PARTICIPATED pa ON a.report_number = pa.report_number
+      GROUP BY
+          a.location;
+
+LOCATION                                           AVERAGE_DAMAGE
+-------------------------------------------------- --------------
+ karnataka India                                            25000
+Delhi India                                                 10000
+ India                                                       2575
+ Gujrat India                                                1500
+ ```

OS/C/Week6/menudriven.c

@@ -53,19 +53,16 @@
 	}
 
 	// Function to display the Gantt chart
- void display_gantt_chart(Process processes[], int n, int timeline[]) {
+	void display_gantt_chart(Process processes[], int n, int timeline[], int timeline_index) {
 		printf("\nGantt Chart:\n");
 		printf("-----------------------------------------------------------\n");
-  	for (int i = 0; i <= timeline[n - 1]; i++) {
+		int last_process = -1;
-  		printf("%-3d", i);
+		for(int i = 0; i < timeline_index; i++) {
+			if(timeline[i] != last_process) {
+				printf("%s ", processes[timeline[i]].pid);
+				last_process = timeline[i];
 			}
-
-	printf("\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n");
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-  		printf("%-3s", processes[i].pid);
 		}
-
 		printf("\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n");
 	}
 
@@ -110,13 +107,14 @@
 	int completed = 0;
 	int shortest = -1;
 
-	int *timeline = (int *)malloc((n*2)*sizeof(int));
+	int *timeline = (int *)malloc((n*100)*sizeof(int));
 	if (timeline == NULL) {
 		perror ("MemAlloc Error");
 		return;
 	}
 
 	int timeline_index = 0;
+	int last_process = -1;
 
 	// setting to large values to prevent issues
 	while (completed != n)
@@ -140,17 +138,19 @@
 			processes[shortest].rt = current_time - processes[shortest].at;
 		}
 
+		if(shortest != last_process) {
+			timeline[timeline_index++] = shortest;
+			last_process = shortest;
+		}
+
 		processes[shortest].remaining_bt--;
 		current_time++;
 
-
 		if (processes[shortest].remaining_bt == 0) {
 			completed++;
 			processes[shortest].ct = current_time;
 			processes[shortest].is_completed = 1;
 		}
-
-		timeline[timeline_index++] = current_time;
 	}
 
 	calculate_times(processes, n);
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@
 	printf("Average Response Time: %.2f\n", avg_rt);
 
 
-  	display_gantt_chart(processes, n, timeline);
+	display_gantt_chart(processes, n, timeline, timeline_index);
 	free(timeline);
 }
 
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
 	int current_time = 0;
 			int completed = 0;
 			int i = 0;
-  	int *timeline = (int *)malloc((n * 2) * sizeof(int)); // memory for timeline
+			int *timeline = (int *)malloc((n * 100) * sizeof(int));
 
 	if (timeline == NULL) {
 				perror("Failed to allocate memory for timeline");
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
 				}
 
 	int timeline_index = 0;
-
+	int last_process = -1;
 
 			while (completed != n) {
 				if (processes[i].remaining_bt > 0 && processes[i].at <= current_time) {
@@ -201,7 +201,14 @@
 						processes[i].rt = current_time - processes[i].at;
 					}
 
-  			int execute_time = (processes[i].remaining_bt > quantum) ? quantum : processes[i].remaining_bt; processes[i].remaining_bt -= execute_time; current_time += execute_time;
+					if(i != last_process) {
+						timeline[timeline_index++] = i;
+						last_process = i;
+					}
+
+					int execute_time = (processes[i].remaining_bt > quantum) ? quantum : processes[i].remaining_bt;
+					processes[i].remaining_bt -= execute_time;
+					current_time += execute_time;
 
 					if (processes[i].remaining_bt == 0) {
 						completed++;
@@ -209,40 +216,31 @@
 						processes[i].is_completed = 1;
 					}
 
-			timeline[timeline_index++] = current_time;
-
 				} else if (processes[i].at > current_time) {
-				current_time++; // if process hasn't arrived, time is incremented (to prevent a stall)
+					current_time++;
 				}
 
-
 				i = (i + 1) % n;
 				if (current_time > 1000) break;
 			}
 
-
 			calculate_times(processes, n);
 
-
 			float avg_ct, avg_tat, avg_wt, avg_rt;
 			calculate_averages(processes, n, &avg_ct, &avg_tat, &avg_wt, &avg_rt);
 
-
 			printf("\nRound Robin Scheduling (Quantum = %d):\n", quantum);
 			display_table(processes, n);
 
-
 			printf("\nAverage Completion Time: %.2f\n", avg_ct);
 			printf("Average Turnaround Time: %.2f\n", avg_tat);
 			printf("Average Waiting Time: %.2f\n", avg_wt);
 			printf("Average Response Time: %.2f\n", avg_rt);
 
-
+			display_gantt_chart(processes, n, timeline, timeline_index);
-	display_gantt_chart(processes, n, timeline);
+			free(timeline);
-	free(timeline); // Free memory
 	}
 
-
 	void non_preemptive_priority(Process processes[], int n) {
 			for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
 				for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) {
@@ -254,7 +252,7 @@
 
 			int current_time = 0;
 			int completed = 0;
-  	int *timeline = (int *)malloc((n * 2) * sizeof(int));
+			int *timeline = (int *)malloc((n * 100) * sizeof(int));
 
 	if (timeline == NULL) {
 				perror("Failed to allocate memory for timeline");
@@ -262,11 +260,11 @@
 			}
 
 	int timeline_index = 0;
+	int last_process = -1;
 
 			while (completed != n) {
 				int highest_priority = -1;
-  		int min_priority = 9999; // Large value
+				int min_priority = 9999;
-
 
 				for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
 					if (processes[j].at <= current_time && processes[j].bt > 0 && processes[j].priority < min_priority) {
@@ -281,17 +279,18 @@
 				}
 
 				if (processes[highest_priority].rt == -1) {
-  			processes[highest_priority].rt =
+					processes[highest_priority].rt = current_time - processes[highest_priority].at;
-  			current_time - processes[highest_priority].at;
+				}
+
+				if(highest_priority != last_process) {
+					timeline[timeline_index++] = highest_priority;
+					last_process = highest_priority;
 				}
 
 				current_time += processes[highest_priority].bt;
-
 				processes[highest_priority].ct = current_time;
-  		processes[highest_priority].bt = 0; // Mark completed
+				processes[highest_priority].bt = 0;
-
 				completed++;
-  		timeline[timeline_index++] = current_time;
 		}
 
 			calculate_times(processes, n);
@@ -307,11 +306,10 @@
 			printf("Average Waiting Time: %.2f\n", avg_wt);
 			printf("Average Response Time: %.2f\n", avg_rt);
 
-  	display_gantt_chart(processes, n, timeline);
+			display_gantt_chart(processes, n, timeline, timeline_index);
-  	free(timeline); // Free  memory
+			free(timeline);
 	}
 
-
 	int main() {
 			int n, choice, quantum;
 

OS/C/Week7/aq1.c

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// Write a C program to solve the Dining-Philosophers problem.

OS/C/Week8/q1.c

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+// Develop a program to simulate banker’s algorithm. (Consider safety and resource-request algorithms)
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#define MAX_PROCESSES 10
+#define MAX_RESOURCES 10
+
+int processes, resources;
+int available[MAX_RESOURCES];
+int maximum[MAX_PROCESSES][MAX_RESOURCES];
+int allocation[MAX_PROCESSES][MAX_RESOURCES];
+int need[MAX_PROCESSES][MAX_RESOURCES];
+
+int safeSequence[MAX_PROCESSES];
+
+void initialize() {
+    printf("Enter number of processes: ");
+    scanf("%d", &processes);
+
+    printf("Enter number of resources: ");
+    scanf("%d", &resources);
+
+    printf("\nEnter available resources:\n");
+    for(int i=0; i<resources; i++) {
+        scanf("%d", &available[i]);
+    }
+
+    printf("\nEnter maximum matrix:\n");
+    for(int i=0; i<processes; i++) {
+        for(int j=0; j<resources; j++) {
+            scanf("%d", &maximum[i][j]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    printf("\nEnter allocation matrix:\n");
+    for(int i=0; i<processes; i++) {
+        for(int j=0; j<resources; j++) {
+            scanf("%d", &allocation[i][j]);
+            need[i][j] = maximum[i][j] - allocation[i][j];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+int isSafe() {
+    int work[MAX_RESOURCES];
+    int finish[MAX_PROCESSES] = {0};
+    int count = 0;
+
+    for(int i=0; i<resources; i++)
+        work[i] = available[i];
+
+    while(count < processes) {
+        int found = 0;
+        for(int p=0; p<processes; p++) {
+            if(!finish[p]) {
+                int j;
+                for(j=0; j<resources; j++) {
+                    if(need[p][j] > work[j])
+                        break;
+                }
+                if(j == resources) {
+                    for(int k=0; k<resources; k++)
+                        work[k] += allocation[p][k];
+                    safeSequence[count] = p;
+                    finish[p] = 1;
+                    count++;
+                    found = 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if(!found) return 0;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+void resourceRequest(int process) {
+    int request[MAX_RESOURCES];
+
+    printf("\nEnter resource request for process %d:\n", process);
+    for(int i=0; i<resources; i++) {
+        scanf("%d", &request[i]);
+    }
+
+    // Check if request is valid
+    for(int i=0; i<resources; i++) {
+        if(request[i] > need[process][i]) {
+            printf("Error: Request exceeds maximum claim\n");
+            return;
+        }
+        if(request[i] > available[i]) {
+            printf("Error: Resources not available\n");
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Try to allocate
+    for(int i=0; i<resources; i++) {
+        available[i] -= request[i];
+        allocation[process][i] += request[i];
+        need[process][i] -= request[i];
+    }
+
+    if(isSafe()) {
+        printf("Request granted\n");
+    } else {
+        printf("Request denied - unsafe state\n");
+        // Rollback
+        for(int i=0; i<resources; i++) {
+            available[i] += request[i];
+            allocation[process][i] -= request[i];
+            need[process][i] += request[i];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+int main() {
+    initialize();
+
+    if(isSafe()) {
+        printf("\nSystem is in safe state.\nSafe sequence: ");
+        for(int i=0; i<processes; i++)
+            printf("P%d ", safeSequence[i]);
+        printf("\n");
+
+        int process;
+        printf("\nEnter process number (0-%d) to request resources: ", processes-1);
+        scanf("%d", &process);
+        resourceRequest(process);
+    } else {
+        printf("\nSystem is not in safe state!\n");
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}