Updated data for ES
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3 changed files with 418 additions and 65 deletions
330
ES/Project/code.c
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330
ES/Project/code.c
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#include <LPC17xx.h>
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/* PORT MAPPING:
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* KEYPAD MATRIX (4x4):
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* Columns: P0.15 - P0.18 (Output, pulled high, scan low)
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* Rows: P0.19 - P0.22 (Input, pulled high internally)
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*
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* Layout: 0 1 2 3
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* 4 5 6 7
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* 8 9 A B
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* C D E F
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*
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* 7-SEGMENT DISPLAY:
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* Segments: P0.4 - P0.11 (a-g + dp)
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* Digit Enable: P1.23 (active high)
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*
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* LCD (16x2):
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* Data: P0.23 - P0.26 (D4-D7, 4-bit mode)
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* RS: P0.27
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* EN: P0.28
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*
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* KEY FUNCTIONS:
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* 0-9: Digit input (valid in all bases based on base)
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* A-F: Digit input (valid only in appropriate base)
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* Key A (10): Mode/Base selection (cycles: BIN->OCT->DEC->HEX)
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* Key B (11): Addition (+)
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* Key C (12): Clear (C)
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* Key D (13): Subtraction (-)
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* Key E (14): Multiplication (*)
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* Key F (15): Equals (=)
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*/
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// 7-Segment patterns
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const unsigned char seven_seg[16] = {
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0x3F,0x06,0x5B,0x4F,0x66,0x6D,0x7D,0x07,
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0x7F,0x6F,0x77,0x7C,0x39,0x5E,0x79,0x71
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};
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// Keypad defines
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#define COL_BASE 15
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#define ROW_BASE 19
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#define COL_MASK (0x0F << COL_BASE)
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#define ROW_MASK (0x0F << ROW_BASE)
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// 7-Segment defines
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#define SEG_SHIFT 4
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#define DIGIT_EN (1<<23)
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// LCD defines
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#define LCD_DATA_SHIFT 23
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#define LCD_DATA_MASK (0x0F << LCD_DATA_SHIFT)
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#define LCD_RS (1<<27)
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#define LCD_EN (1<<28)
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// Calculator states
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#define MODE_BIN 2
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#define MODE_OCT 8
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#define MODE_DEC 10
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#define MODE_HEX 16
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#define OP_NONE 0
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#define OP_ADD 1
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#define OP_SUB 2
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#define OP_MUL 3
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// Global variables
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unsigned int current_base = MODE_DEC;
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unsigned int input_num = 0;
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unsigned int stored_num = 0;
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unsigned int operation = OP_NONE;
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unsigned int result = 0;
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unsigned char lcd_flag = 0;
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void delay(volatile unsigned int d){
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while(d--) __NOP();
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}
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void lcd_delay(unsigned long r){
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unsigned long i;
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for(i=0; i<r; i++);
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}
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void lcd_write_nibble(unsigned char nibble, unsigned char is_data){
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unsigned long temp;
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temp = (nibble & 0x0F) << LCD_DATA_SHIFT;
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LPC_GPIO0->FIOPIN = (LPC_GPIO0->FIOPIN & ~LCD_DATA_MASK) | temp;
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if(is_data)
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LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = LCD_RS;
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else
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LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR = LCD_RS;
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LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = LCD_EN;
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lcd_delay(100);
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LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR = LCD_EN;
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lcd_delay(500000);
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}
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void lcd_cmd(unsigned char cmd){
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lcd_write_nibble(cmd >> 4, 0);
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lcd_write_nibble(cmd, 0);
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}
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void lcd_data(unsigned char data){
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lcd_write_nibble(data >> 4, 1);
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lcd_write_nibble(data, 1);
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}
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void lcd_init(void){
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lcd_delay(5000000);
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lcd_write_nibble(0x03, 0);
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lcd_delay(500000);
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lcd_write_nibble(0x03, 0);
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lcd_delay(500000);
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lcd_write_nibble(0x03, 0);
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lcd_delay(500000);
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lcd_write_nibble(0x02, 0);
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lcd_delay(500000);
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lcd_cmd(0x28);
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lcd_cmd(0x0C);
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lcd_cmd(0x01);
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lcd_delay(500000);
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lcd_cmd(0x06);
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}
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void lcd_print_str(const char* str){
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while(*str){
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lcd_data(*str++);
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}
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}
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void lcd_print_num(unsigned int num, unsigned int base){
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char buffer[17];
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int i = 0;
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if(num == 0){
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lcd_data('0');
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return;
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}
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while(num > 0 && i < 16){
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unsigned int digit = num % base;
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if(digit < 10)
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buffer[i++] = '0' + digit;
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else
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buffer[i++] = 'A' + (digit - 10);
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num = num / base;
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}
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while(i > 0){
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lcd_data(buffer[--i]);
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}
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}
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void display_mode(void){
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lcd_cmd(0x80);
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lcd_print_str("Mode: ");
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if(current_base == MODE_BIN)
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lcd_print_str("BIN ");
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else if(current_base == MODE_OCT)
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lcd_print_str("OCT ");
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else if(current_base == MODE_DEC)
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lcd_print_str("DEC ");
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else
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lcd_print_str("HEX ");
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}
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void display_input(void){
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lcd_cmd(0xC0);
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lcd_print_str("Inp: ");
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lcd_print_num(input_num, current_base);
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lcd_print_str(" ");
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}
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unsigned int scan_keypad(void){
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unsigned int col, row;
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unsigned int row_bits;
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for(col=0; col<4; col++){
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LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = COL_MASK;
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delay(50);
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LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR = (1 << (COL_BASE + col));
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delay(200);
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row_bits = (LPC_GPIO0->FIOPIN & ROW_MASK) >> ROW_BASE;
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if(row_bits != 0x0F){
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for(row=0; row<4; row++){
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if((row_bits & (1<<row)) == 0){
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LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = COL_MASK;
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return col*4 + row;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = COL_MASK;
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return 0xFF;
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}
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unsigned int is_valid_digit(unsigned int key){
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if(key >= 16) return 0;
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if(current_base == MODE_BIN && key >= 2) return 0;
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if(current_base == MODE_OCT && key >= 8) return 0;
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if(current_base == MODE_DEC && key >= 10) return 0;
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return 1;
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}
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int main(void){
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unsigned int key, last_key = 0xFF;
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unsigned int stable = 0;
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// Configure pins
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LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0 = 0;
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LPC_PINCON->PINSEL1 = 0;
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LPC_PINCON->PINSEL3 = 0;
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// Keypad: Columns output, Rows input
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LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR |= COL_MASK;
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LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR &= ~ROW_MASK;
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LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = COL_MASK;
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// 7-Segment
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LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR |= (0xFF << SEG_SHIFT);
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LPC_GPIO1->FIODIR |= DIGIT_EN;
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// LCD
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LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR |= LCD_DATA_MASK | LCD_RS | LCD_EN;
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lcd_init();
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display_mode();
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display_input();
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for(;;){
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key = scan_keypad();
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// Debounce
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if(key == last_key){
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if(stable < 5) stable++;
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} else {
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last_key = key;
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stable = 0;
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}
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if(stable == 3 && key != 0xFF){
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// Key pressed and stable
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// Handle digit input (0-9, A-F)
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if(is_valid_digit(key)){
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input_num = input_num * current_base + key;
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if(input_num > 9999) input_num = input_num % 10000;
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display_input();
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}
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// Mode selection (Key A / 10)
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else if(key == 10){
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if(current_base == MODE_BIN)
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current_base = MODE_OCT;
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else if(current_base == MODE_OCT)
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current_base = MODE_DEC;
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else if(current_base == MODE_DEC)
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current_base = MODE_HEX;
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else
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current_base = MODE_BIN;
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display_mode();
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}
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// Addition (Key B / 11)
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else if(key == 11){
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stored_num = input_num;
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operation = OP_ADD;
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input_num = 0;
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display_input();
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}
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// Clear (Key C / 12)
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else if(key == 12){
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input_num = 0;
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stored_num = 0;
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operation = OP_NONE;
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result = 0;
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display_input();
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}
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// Subtraction (Key D / 13)
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else if(key == 13){
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stored_num = input_num;
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operation = OP_SUB;
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input_num = 0;
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display_input();
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}
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// Multiplication (Key E / 14)
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else if(key == 14){
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stored_num = input_num;
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operation = OP_MUL;
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input_num = 0;
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display_input();
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}
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// Equals (Key F / 15)
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else if(key == 15){
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if(operation == OP_ADD)
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result = stored_num + input_num;
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else if(operation == OP_SUB)
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result = stored_num - input_num;
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else if(operation == OP_MUL)
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result = stored_num * input_num;
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else
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result = input_num;
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lcd_cmd(0xC0);
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lcd_print_str("Res: ");
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lcd_print_num(result, current_base);
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lcd_print_str(" ");
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input_num = result;
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operation = OP_NONE;
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}
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stable = 5;
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}
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// Display result on 7-segment (last digit only)
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if(input_num < 16){
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LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR = (0xFF << SEG_SHIFT);
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LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = (seven_seg[input_num] << SEG_SHIFT);
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} else {
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unsigned int display_digit = input_num % 16;
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LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR = (0xFF << SEG_SHIFT);
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LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = (seven_seg[display_digit] << SEG_SHIFT);
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}
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LPC_GPIO1->FIOSET = DIGIT_EN;
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delay(3000);
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}
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}
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62
ES/Project/report.md
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62
ES/Project/report.md
Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
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# Calculator Program for Multi-Base Arithmetic
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## How to Use the Calculator
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### Initial Setup
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- On power-up, the calculator starts in **DECIMAL mode**
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- LCD shows: `Mode: DEC` on line 1, `Inp: 0` on line 2
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- 7-segment displays the last digit of your input
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### Basic Operations
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1. **Entering Numbers**
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- Press keys 0-9 for decimal digits
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- In HEX mode, you can also use A-F (keys 10-15)
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- In OCT mode, only 0-7 are valid
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- In BIN mode, only 0-1 are valid
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- Invalid digits for the current mode are ignored
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2. **Changing Base Mode**
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- Press **Key A (10)** to cycle through bases
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- Order: BIN → OCT → DEC → HEX → BIN...
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- Current mode displays on LCD top line
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3. **Performing Calculations**
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- Enter first number
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- Press operation key:
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- **Key B (11)**: Addition
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- **Key D (13)**: Subtraction
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- **Key E (14)**: Multiplication
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- Enter second number
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- Press **Key F (15)** for equals/result
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4. **Clearing**
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- Press **Key C (12)** to clear all (input, stored number, operation)
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### Example Usage
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**Example 1: Add 5 + 3 in Decimal**
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```
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Press: 5 → B → 3 → F
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Display: Res: 8
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```
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**Example 2: Multiply 1010 × 11 in Binary**
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```
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Press: A (change to BIN mode)
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Press: 1 → 0 → 1 → 0 → E → 1 → 1 → F
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Display: Res: 11110 (30 in decimal)
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```
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**Example 3: Subtract F - A in Hexadecimal**
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```
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Press: A (cycle to HEX mode if not already)
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Press: F → D → A (10) → F
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Display: Res: 5
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```
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### Tips
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- The 7-segment always shows the last hex digit of your current input
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- Results stay in the current base mode
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- If result exceeds display capacity, only visible portion shows
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- After equals, the result becomes the new input for next operation
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