From 1d9b66849694547b2217475aecd4e7b256a176fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: sherlock Date: Wed, 29 Oct 2025 14:34:14 +0530 Subject: [PATCH] proj --- ES/Project/code.c | 523 +++++++++++++++++----------------------------- 1 file changed, 196 insertions(+), 327 deletions(-) diff --git a/ES/Project/code.c b/ES/Project/code.c index 46f4be3..91740cf 100644 --- a/ES/Project/code.c +++ b/ES/Project/code.c @@ -2,24 +2,26 @@ #include /* =================================================== - * SMART CALCULATOR - LPC1768 (Final v2) - * Supports BIN, BASE4, OCT, DEC, and HEX - * with 4x4 keypad, LCD, and 7-seg status display. + * SMART MULTI‑BASE CALCULATOR — LPC1768 + * Supports BIN, BASE4, OCT, DEC, HEX with + * keypad, LCD, and 7‑segment status. * * Features: - * - Base-aware arithmetic and I/O - * - HEX: double MODE button press within 2s = operator mode - * - Hardware 1ms timing via SysTick + * • SysTick 1 ms hardware timing + * • HEX: double MODE press <2 s → operator mode + * • Signed decimal arithmetic; modular in other bases * =================================================== */ -/* 7-Segment patterns for 0–F */ +/* 7‑segment patterns for 0–F (common‑cathode encoding) */ const unsigned char seven_seg[16] = { - 0x3F, 0x06, 0x5B, 0x4F, 0x66, 0x6D, 0x7D, 0x07, - 0x7F, 0x6F, 0x77, 0x7C, 0x39, 0x5E, 0x79, 0x71 + 0x3F, 0x06, 0x5B, 0x4F, + 0x66, 0x6D, 0x7D, 0x07, + 0x7F, 0x6F, 0x77, 0x7C, + 0x39, 0x5E, 0x79, 0x71 }; -/* ===== Pin & Mode Definitions ===== */ +/* ===== Pin & Mode Defines ===== */ #define COL_BASE 15 #define ROW_BASE 19 #define COL_MASK (0x0F << COL_BASE) @@ -35,47 +37,46 @@ const unsigned char seven_seg[16] = { #define MODE_BUTTON (1 << 12) -/* Supported Bases */ -#define MODE_BIN 2 +/* Modes / Bases */ +#define MODE_BIN 2 #define MODE_BASE4 4 -#define MODE_OCT 8 -#define MODE_DEC 10 -#define MODE_HEX 16 +#define MODE_OCT 8 +#define MODE_DEC 10 +#define MODE_HEX 16 /* Operators */ -#define OP_NONE 0 -#define OP_ADD 1 -#define OP_SUB 2 -#define OP_MUL 3 -#define OP_CLR 4 -#define OP_RES 5 +#define OP_NONE 0 +#define OP_ADD 1 +#define OP_SUB 2 +#define OP_MUL 3 +#define OP_CLR 4 +#define OP_RES 5 -/* ===== Global Variables ===== */ -unsigned int current_base; -unsigned int input_num; -unsigned int stored_num; -unsigned int result; +/* ===== Globals ===== */ +int input_num, stored_num, result; unsigned int operation; +unsigned int current_base; + +unsigned char hex_op_mode; unsigned char result_displayed; unsigned int key, last_key, stable; unsigned int button_state, last_button_state, button_stable; -unsigned char hex_operator_mode; unsigned long last_mode_press_time; -/* Millisecond counter via SysTick */ +/* ===== System tick counter ===== */ volatile unsigned long sys_millis = 0; -/* ===== Function Declarations ===== */ +/* ===== Forward Declarations ===== */ void delay(volatile unsigned int d); void lcd_delay(unsigned long r); void lcd_write_nibble(unsigned char nibble, unsigned char is_data); void lcd_cmd(unsigned char cmd); void lcd_data(unsigned char data); void lcd_init(void); -void lcd_print_str(const char *str); -void lcd_print_num(unsigned int num, unsigned int base); +void lcd_print_str(const char *s); +void lcd_print_num(int num, unsigned int base); void display_mode(void); void display_input(void); void display_result(void); @@ -87,373 +88,241 @@ void handle_mode_button(void); void operate(unsigned int op); void perform_operation(void); unsigned char is_operator_active(unsigned int key); -unsigned int base_arith(unsigned int a, unsigned int b, - unsigned int op, unsigned int base); +int base_arith(int a, int b, unsigned int op, unsigned int base); unsigned long millis(void); -/* ===== Utility ===== */ -void delay(volatile unsigned int d) { - while (d--) __NOP(); +/* =================================================== */ +/* ===== Implementation */ +/* =================================================== */ + +void delay(volatile unsigned int d){ while(d--) __NOP(); } + +void lcd_delay(unsigned long r){ volatile unsigned long i; for(i=0;iFIOPIN=(LPC_GPIO0->FIOPIN&~LCD_DATA_MASK)|temp; + if(is_data) LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET=LCD_RS; else LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR=LCD_RS; + LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET=LCD_EN; lcd_delay(100); + LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR=LCD_EN; lcd_delay(250000); } +void lcd_cmd(unsigned char c){ lcd_write_nibble(c>>4,0); lcd_write_nibble(c,0); } +void lcd_data(unsigned char d){ lcd_write_nibble(d>>4,1); lcd_write_nibble(d,1); } -void lcd_delay(unsigned long r) { - volatile unsigned long i; - for (i = 0; i < r; i++) - ; -} - -/* ===== SysTick Millisecond Tracker ===== */ -void SysTick_Handler(void) { - sys_millis++; -} - -unsigned long millis(void) { - return sys_millis; -} - -/* ===== LCD Control ===== */ -void lcd_write_nibble(unsigned char nibble, unsigned char is_data) { - unsigned long temp; - temp = (nibble & 0x0F) << LCD_DATA_SHIFT; - LPC_GPIO0->FIOPIN = (LPC_GPIO0->FIOPIN & ~LCD_DATA_MASK) | temp; - - if (is_data) - LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = LCD_RS; - else - LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR = LCD_RS; - - LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = LCD_EN; - lcd_delay(100); - LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR = LCD_EN; - lcd_delay(250000); -} - -void lcd_cmd(unsigned char cmd) { - lcd_write_nibble(cmd >> 4, 0); - lcd_write_nibble(cmd, 0); -} - -void lcd_data(unsigned char data) { - lcd_write_nibble(data >> 4, 1); - lcd_write_nibble(data, 1); -} - -void lcd_init(void) { +void lcd_init(void){ lcd_delay(5000000); - lcd_write_nibble(0x03, 0); - lcd_delay(500000); - lcd_write_nibble(0x03, 0); - lcd_delay(500000); - lcd_write_nibble(0x03, 0); - lcd_delay(500000); - lcd_write_nibble(0x02, 0); - lcd_delay(500000); - - lcd_cmd(0x28); - lcd_cmd(0x0C); - lcd_cmd(0x01); - lcd_delay(500000); - lcd_cmd(0x06); + lcd_write_nibble(0x03,0); lcd_delay(500000); + lcd_write_nibble(0x03,0); lcd_delay(500000); + lcd_write_nibble(0x03,0); lcd_delay(500000); + lcd_write_nibble(0x02,0); lcd_delay(500000); + lcd_cmd(0x28); lcd_cmd(0x0C); lcd_cmd(0x01); lcd_delay(500000); lcd_cmd(0x06); } -void lcd_print_str(const char *str) { - while (*str) - lcd_data(*str++); +void lcd_print_str(const char *s){ while(*s) lcd_data(*s++); } + +void lcd_print_num(int num, unsigned int base){ + char buf[17]; int i=0; unsigned int unum; + + if(base==MODE_DEC && num<0){ lcd_data('-'); num=-num; } + unum=(unsigned int)num; + if(unum==0){ lcd_data('0'); return; } + + while(unum>0 && i<16){ + unsigned int d=unum%base; + buf[i++]=(d<10)?('0'+d):('A'+d-10); + unum/=base; + } + while(i>0) lcd_data(buf[--i]); } -void lcd_print_num(int num, unsigned int base) { - char buffer[17]; - int i = 0; - unsigned int unum; - - if (base == MODE_DEC) { - if (num < 0) { - lcd_data('-'); - num = -num; - } - } - - unum = (unsigned int)num; - - if (unum == 0) { - lcd_data('0'); - return; - } - - while (unum > 0 && i < 16) { - unsigned int d = unum % base; - buffer[i++] = (d < 10) ? ('0' + d) : ('A' + d - 10); - unum /= base; - } - - while (i > 0) - lcd_data(buffer[--i]); -} - -/* ===== Display Helpers ===== */ -void display_mode(void) { +/* ---- Display helpers ---- */ +void display_mode(void){ lcd_cmd(0x80); lcd_print_str("Mode: "); - if (current_base == MODE_BIN) - lcd_print_str("BIN "); - else if (current_base == MODE_BASE4) - lcd_print_str("BASE4 "); - else if (current_base == MODE_OCT) - lcd_print_str("OCT "); - else if (current_base == MODE_DEC) - lcd_print_str("DEC "); - else { - lcd_print_str("HEX"); - if (hex_operator_mode) - lcd_print_str("[OPS]"); - else - lcd_print_str(" "); - } + if(current_base==MODE_BIN) lcd_print_str("BIN "); + else if(current_base==MODE_BASE4) lcd_print_str("BASE4 "); + else if(current_base==MODE_OCT) lcd_print_str("OCT "); + else if(current_base==MODE_DEC) lcd_print_str("DEC "); + else { lcd_print_str("HEX"); + if(hex_op_mode) lcd_print_str("[OPS]"); + else lcd_print_str(" "); } } -void display_input(void) { +void display_input(void){ lcd_cmd(0xC0); lcd_print_str("Input: "); - lcd_print_num(input_num, current_base); - lcd_print_str(" "); + lcd_print_num(input_num,current_base); + lcd_print_str(" "); } -void display_result(void) { +void display_result(void){ lcd_cmd(0xC0); lcd_print_str("Result: "); - lcd_print_num(result, current_base); - lcd_print_str(" "); + lcd_print_num(result,current_base); + lcd_print_str(" "); } -/* ===== Keypad and Button ===== */ -unsigned int scan_keypad(void) { - unsigned int col, row, row_bits; - for (col = 0; col < 4; col++) { - LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = COL_MASK; - delay(50); - LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR = (1 << (COL_BASE + col)); - delay(200); - row_bits = (LPC_GPIO0->FIOPIN & ROW_MASK) >> ROW_BASE; - - if (row_bits != 0x0F) { - for (row = 0; row < 4; row++) { - if (!(row_bits & (1 << row))) { - LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = COL_MASK; - return col * 4 + row; - } - } +/* ---- Keypad scanning ---- */ +unsigned int scan_keypad(void){ + unsigned int col,row,row_bits; + for(col=0;col<4;col++){ + LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET=COL_MASK; delay(50); + LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR=(1<<(COL_BASE+col)); delay(200); + row_bits=(LPC_GPIO0->FIOPIN&ROW_MASK)>>ROW_BASE; + if(row_bits!=0x0F){ + for(row=0;row<4;row++) + if(!(row_bits&(1<FIOSET=COL_MASK; return col*4+row; } } } - LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = COL_MASK; + LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET=COL_MASK; return 0xFF; } -unsigned int scan_mode_button(void) { - return ((LPC_GPIO2->FIOPIN & MODE_BUTTON) == 0) ? 1 : 0; +/* ---- MODE button ---- */ +unsigned int scan_mode_button(void){ + return ((LPC_GPIO2->FIOPIN&MODE_BUTTON)==0)?1:0; } -/* ===== Mode and Button ===== */ -void change_mode(void) { - if (current_base == MODE_DEC) - current_base = MODE_BIN; - else if (current_base == MODE_BIN) - current_base = MODE_BASE4; - else if (current_base == MODE_BASE4) - current_base = MODE_OCT; - else if (current_base == MODE_OCT) - current_base = MODE_HEX; - else - current_base = MODE_DEC; +void change_mode(void){ + if(current_base==MODE_DEC) current_base=MODE_BIN; + else if(current_base==MODE_BIN) current_base=MODE_BASE4; + else if(current_base==MODE_BASE4) current_base=MODE_OCT; + else if(current_base==MODE_OCT) current_base=MODE_HEX; + else current_base=MODE_DEC; - display_mode(); - input_num = stored_num = result = 0; - operation = OP_NONE; - result_displayed = 0; - display_input(); + input_num=stored_num=result=0; + operation=OP_NONE; result_displayed=0; + display_mode(); display_input(); } -void handle_mode_button(void) { - unsigned long now = millis(); - - if (button_stable == 3 && button_state == 1) { - if (current_base == MODE_HEX) { - if ((now - last_mode_press_time) < 2000) { - hex_operator_mode = !hex_operator_mode; - display_mode(); - last_mode_press_time = 0; - } else { - last_mode_press_time = now; - } - } else { - change_mode(); - } +/* ---- Double‑press / mode handler ---- */ +void handle_mode_button(void){ + unsigned long now=millis(); + if(button_stable==3 && button_state==1){ + if(current_base==MODE_HEX){ + if((now-last_mode_press_time)<2000){ + hex_op_mode=!hex_op_mode; + display_mode(); last_mode_press_time=0; + } else last_mode_press_time=now; + } else change_mode(); } } -/* ===== Validation ===== */ -unsigned int is_valid_digit(unsigned int key) { - if (key >= 16) - return 0; - if (current_base == MODE_BIN && key >= 2) - return 0; - if (current_base == MODE_BASE4 && key >= 4) - return 0; - if (current_base == MODE_OCT && key >= 8) - return 0; - if (current_base == MODE_DEC && key >= 10) - return 0; +/* ---- Validation ---- */ +unsigned int is_valid_digit(unsigned int key){ + if(key>=16) return 0; + if(current_base==MODE_BIN && key>=2) return 0; + if(current_base==MODE_BASE4 && key>=4) return 0; + if(current_base==MODE_OCT && key>=8) return 0; + if(current_base==MODE_DEC && key>=10) return 0; return 1; } -/* ===== Arithmetic per base (optimized) ===== */ -int base_arith(int a, int b, unsigned int op, unsigned int base) { - int r = 0; - - switch (op) { - case OP_ADD: - r = a + b; - break; - - case OP_SUB: - r = a - b; - break; - - case OP_MUL: - r = a * b; - break; - - default: - r = a; - break; +/* ---- Arithmetic core ---- */ +int base_arith(int a,int b,unsigned int op,unsigned int base){ + int r=0; + switch(op){ + case OP_ADD: r=a+b; break; + case OP_SUB: r=a-b; break; + case OP_MUL: r=a*b; break; + default: r=a; break; } - // For non-decimal modes, keep everything positive and base-limited - if (base != MODE_DEC) { - if (r < 0) - r = ((r % base) + base) % base; - else - r = r % (base * base * base * base * base); // safe wraparound for multi-digit bases + if(base!=MODE_DEC){ /* wrap‑around for others */ + if(r<0) r=((r%base)+base)%base; + else r%= (base*base*base*base); /* loose limit */ } - return r; } -/* ===== Operation/Arithmetic Handling ===== */ -void operate(unsigned int op) { - stored_num = input_num; - input_num = 0; - operation = op; - result_displayed = 0; -} - -void perform_operation(void) { - result = base_arith(stored_num, input_num, operation, current_base); +/* ---- Operator control ---- */ +void operate(unsigned int op){ stored_num=input_num; input_num=0; operation=op; result_displayed=0; } +void perform_operation(void){ + result=base_arith(stored_num,input_num,operation,current_base); display_result(); - input_num = result; - operation = OP_NONE; - result_displayed = 1; + input_num=result; operation=OP_NONE; result_displayed=1; } -/* ===== Key Classifier ===== */ -unsigned char is_operator_active(unsigned int key) { - if (key >= 11 && key <= 15) { - if (current_base == MODE_HEX) - return hex_operator_mode; - else - return 1; +unsigned char is_operator_active(unsigned int key){ + if(key>=11 && key<=15){ + if(current_base==MODE_HEX) return hex_op_mode; + else return 1; } return 0; } -/* ===== MAIN ===== */ -int main(void) { - current_base = MODE_DEC; - input_num = stored_num = result = 0; - operation = OP_NONE; - result_displayed = 0; - key = last_key = 0xFF; - stable = 0; - button_stable = 0; - button_state = last_button_state = 0; - hex_operator_mode = 0; - last_mode_press_time = 0; +/* =================================================== */ +/* ===================== MAIN ======================== */ +/* =================================================== */ +int main(void){ + current_base=MODE_DEC; + input_num=stored_num=result=0; + operation=OP_NONE; result_displayed=0; + key=last_key=0xFF; stable=0; + button_stable=0; button_state=last_button_state=0; + hex_op_mode=0; last_mode_press_time=0; - /* ===== SystemClock & SysTick Setup ===== */ SystemCoreClockUpdate(); - SysTick_Config(SystemCoreClock / 1000); // 1ms tick + SysTick_Config(SystemCoreClock/1000); // 1 ms tick - /* ===== Peripheral Init ===== */ - LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0 = 0; - LPC_PINCON->PINSEL1 = 0; - LPC_PINCON->PINSEL3 = 0; - LPC_PINCON->PINSEL4 = 0; + LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0=0; LPC_PINCON->PINSEL1=0; + LPC_PINCON->PINSEL3=0; LPC_PINCON->PINSEL4=0; + LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0 &= ~0xFFF00000; // P0.4–P0.11 as GPIO - LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR |= COL_MASK; - LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR &= ~ROW_MASK; - LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = COL_MASK; + LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR|=COL_MASK|(0xFF<FIODIR&=~ROW_MASK; + LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET=COL_MASK; + LPC_GPIO1->FIODIR|=DIGIT_EN; + LPC_GPIO2->FIODIR&=~MODE_BUTTON; - LPC_GPIO2->FIODIR &= ~MODE_BUTTON; + lcd_init(); display_mode(); display_input(); - LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR |= (0xFF << SEG_SHIFT); - LPC_GPIO1->FIODIR |= DIGIT_EN; - LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR |= LCD_DATA_MASK | LCD_RS | LCD_EN; + while(1){ + key=scan_keypad(); button_state=scan_mode_button(); - lcd_init(); - display_mode(); - display_input(); + if(key==last_key) stable=(stable<5)?stable+1:stable; + else{ last_key=key; stable=0; } - /* ===== Main Loop ===== */ - while (1) { - key = scan_keypad(); - button_state = scan_mode_button(); - - // Debounce keypad - if (key == last_key) - stable = (stable < 5) ? stable + 1 : stable; - else { - last_key = key; - stable = 0; - } - - // Debounce button - if (button_state == last_button_state) - button_stable = (button_stable < 5) ? button_stable + 1 : button_stable; - else { - last_button_state = button_state; - button_stable = 0; - } + if(button_state==last_button_state) + button_stable=(button_stable<5)?button_stable+1:button_stable; + else{ last_button_state=button_state; button_stable=0; } handle_mode_button(); - if (stable == 3 && key != 0xFF) { - if (is_operator_active(key)) { - switch (key) { + if(stable==3 && key!=0xFF){ + if(is_operator_active(key)){ + switch(key){ case 11: operate(OP_ADD); display_input(); break; - case 12: input_num = stored_num = result = 0; - operation = OP_NONE; display_input(); break; + case 12: input_num=stored_num=result=0; + operation=OP_NONE; display_input(); break; case 13: operate(OP_SUB); display_input(); break; case 14: operate(OP_MUL); display_input(); break; case 15: perform_operation(); break; } - } else if (is_valid_digit(key)) { - result_displayed = 0; - input_num = input_num * current_base + key; + } else if(is_valid_digit(key)){ + result_displayed=0; + input_num=input_num*current_base+key; display_input(); } - stable = 5; + stable=5; } - // Simple 7-seg base display - LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR = (0xFF << SEG_SHIFT); - unsigned int segval = 0x3F; // default '0' - if (current_base == MODE_BIN) segval = seven_seg[2]; - else if (current_base == MODE_BASE4) segval = seven_seg[4]; - else if (current_base == MODE_OCT) segval = seven_seg[8]; - else if (current_base == MODE_DEC) segval = seven_seg[0]; - else if (current_base == MODE_HEX) segval = seven_seg[0xA]; // 'A' for HEX + /* ---- 7‑segment display (common‑anode assumed) ---- */ + unsigned int segval=seven_seg[0]; // default + if(current_base==MODE_BIN) segval=seven_seg[2]; + else if(current_base==MODE_BASE4) segval=seven_seg[4]; + else if(current_base==MODE_OCT) segval=seven_seg[8]; + else if(current_base==MODE_DEC) segval=seven_seg[0]; + else if(current_base==MODE_HEX) segval=seven_seg[0xA]; - LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = (segval << SEG_SHIFT); - LPC_GPIO1->FIOSET = DIGIT_EN; + LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET=(0xFF<FIOCLR=((~segval)&0xFF)<FIOCLR=DIGIT_EN; // active‑low enable delay(3000); }